LASER ACTIVE CRYSTAL: MPb2X5

LASER ACTIVE CRYSTAL: MPb2X5

Description

Laser Crystals of Double Halogenides RE:MPb2X5 (M= K, Rb X= Cl, Br)

MPb2X5, where M is a divalent metal such as magnesium, cadmium, or zinc, and X is a halogen such as chlorine or bromine, is a type of laser active crystal that is commonly used in solid-state lasers. MPb2X5 has a layered crystal structure and is doped with rare earth ions, such as neodymium or praseodymium, which allow it to amplify light through stimulated emission.

One of the main advantages of MPb2X5 as a laser active crystal is its ability to generate laser emissions in the mid-infrared region, which makes it suitable for a variety of applications, including sensing, spectroscopy, and material processing. MPb2X5 lasers can also be mode-locked to generate ultra-short pulses in the picosecond or femtosecond range.

Another advantage of MPb2X5 as a laser active crystal is its high thermal conductivity, which allows it to dissipate heat efficiently and reduce thermal effects such as thermal lensing. This makes it suitable for high-power and high-repetition rate applications.

MPb2X5 also has a relatively low phonon energy, which allows it to support transitions between rare earth ions with low-energy levels. This leads to a higher emission cross-section and efficiency compared to other laser active materials.

Chemical formula
KPb2Cl5 : Dy3+
Transition
6H9/2 + 6F11/2 => 6H15/2
Concentration of Dy ions
1 %
Quantum yield
100 %
Lifetime of excited state
1.19 µs
Transition cross section, 10-21cm2
9.5
Wavelength, µm
1.3

Main characteristics of RE:MPb2X5 (M=K,Rb X=Cl,Br) crystals:

 
KPb2Cl5
RbPb2Cl5
KPb2Br5
RbPb2Br5
Transparency range, µm
0.3 - 20
0.3 - 20
0.3 - 30
0.3 - 30
Space group
P22 / c
P22 / c
P22 / c
I4mcm
Melting temperature, C°
434
423
382
382
Density, G/cm3
4.629
5.041
5.619
5.83
Refraction index (632.8 nm)
2.019
2.019
2.2
2.2
Thermal conductivity, W/m x K
4
4
-
-
Mohs hardness
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
Phonon energy, cm-1
203
203
133
133
Lattice parameters,
a,A
8.854(2)
8.959
9.256(2)
8.41
b,A
7.927(2)
7.973
8.365(2)
8.365(2)
c,A
12.485(3)
12.493
13.025(3)
14.5
(deg)
90.05(3)
90.12
90.00(3)
90.00(3)
V
876.3(4)
895.3
1008.4(4)
1025.6
Z
4
4
4
4

Rare Earth ion
Pr
Nd
Dy [lit.]
Er
Yb [lit.]
Tm
Ho
Maximum peak absorbtion cross section,σp (λ max), 10-20cm 2
10.9
14.9
51.8
21.5
1.78
2.85
11
Wavelength (λ max), nm
487
589
129.7
379.4
982
797.9
453
Peak absorption cross section for LD pumping σp(λ), 10-20cm 2
-
6.22
0.9
4.8
1.78
-
-
Wavelength (λ ), nm
-
808.2
810.4
982.6
982
800
900

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