LASER ACTIVE CRYSTAL: YVO4
LASER ACTIVE CRYSTAL: YVO4
Description
YVO4, or yttrium orthovanadate, is a laser active crystal that is commonly used in solid-state lasers. YVO4 has a tetragonal crystal structure that allows it to amplify light through the process of stimulated emission.
One of the main advantages of YVO4 as a laser active crystal is its high gain, which means that it can amplify light efficiently and generate high laser powers. YVO4 also has a relatively low thermal conductivity, which allows it to build up a population inversion more quickly than other laser active crystals.
Nd:YVO4, or neodymium-doped YVO4, is a popular type of YVO4 laser. Nd:YVO4 lasers operate at a wavelength of 1064 nanometers, which is similar to Nd:YAG lasers. However, Nd:YVO4 lasers have a higher gain coefficient and a lower thermal conductivity compared to Nd:YAG lasers, which makes them more efficient and suitable for high-power and high-repetition rate applications.
YVO4 crystals can also be doped with other ions, such as erbium or holmium, to generate laser emissions at different wavelengths. Er:YVO4, or erbium-doped YVO4, lasers operate at a wavelength of 1645 nanometers and are used in medical applications for tissue ablation and cutting. Ho:YVO4, or holmium-doped YVO4, lasers operate at a wavelength of 2097 nanometers and are used in scientific research and industrial applications.
MAIN PROPERTIES OF Nd3+:YVO4:
| Syngony | cubic | |
| Spatial group | Fd3m | |
| Lattice constant, Å | a = b = 7.12, c= 6.29 | |
| Density, g/cm3 | 4.22 | |
| Mohs hardness | 8 - 9 | |
| Melting point, °C | 2105 | |
| Crystal structure | tetragonal | |
| Refractive indices: | ||
| at 1064 nm | no =1.9573; ne =2.1652 | |
| at 808 nm | no =1.9721; ne =2.1858 | |
| at 532 nm | no =2.0210; ne =2.2560 | |
| Thermal expansion coefficient | αc = 11.37 x 10-6 x °K-1 | |
| Thermal conductivity at 25°C, W x m-1 x °K-1, perpendicular to c-axis | 5.10 | |
| Lasing Wavelengths, nm | 914, 1064, 1342 | |
Specifications for laser rods/slabs:
| Material: | YVO4:Nd3+ | YVO4:Er3+ | YVO4:Yb3+ | YVO4 /Nd3+:YVO4 | Nd3+:GdVO4 |
| Dopant concentration, at. % | 0.1 - 4.0 | 0.2 - 5.0 | 0.5 - 5.0 | 0.1 - 2.0 | 0.1 - 4 |
| Configuration of rod´s cross section | round or square | round or square | round or square | round or square | round or square |
| Cross section, mm | 1.5 - 25.0 | from 2x2 to 5x10 | from 2x2 to 5x10 | from 2x2 to 5x10 | from 2x2 to 5x10 |
| Length, mm | 0.5 - 30.0 | 0.5 - 20 | 0.5 - 20 | undoped part - 1-5 doped part - 1 - 10 | 0.5 - 20 |
| Diameter tolerance, mm | ± 0.1 | ± 0.1 | ± 0.1 | ± 0.1 | ± 0.1 |
| Length tolerance, mm | ± 0.5 | ± 0.1 | ± 0.1 | ± 0.1 | ± 0.1 |
| Non-parallelism of end faces, arc sec | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| Surface finish, Scratch-Dig | 10 - 5 | 10 - 5 | 10 - 5 | 10 - 5 | 10 - 5 |
| Flatness | λ/10 | λ/10 | λ/10 | λ/10 | λ/10 |
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